Breast feeding; factors involved in avoidance

To study the causative factors responsible for avoidance of Breast Feeding in post-partum women attending the post-natal OPD in MH Rawalpindi. Comparative cross sectional study. Dept of Gynae and Obstetrics, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Tertiary care centre from all the Pakistan dealing with other ranks of Pak Army. Nine months [From 01.01.2007 to 1.10.2007]. Study was done on 1000 patients at post-natal Gynae OPD. Patients were divided into two groups of 500 each. Those patients who were exclusively breast feeding their babies were included in group-II while group-I included those patients who were not breast feeding their babies at all. Patients demographic data was entered on questionnaire and factors involved were interpreted. The most important causative factor responsible for avoidance of breast feeding in group-I were noted down. The mothers in group-II were enquired about that problem. Data was analyzed by using computer software programme SPSS version 11. Chi square test was used to see the significance of difference between group-I and group-II and results were considered significant if P value is less than 0.05. The study showed that as compared to group-II causative factors involved in avoidance of breast feeding in group-I were pain at operated site 148, working women 38, Sick baby 26,Cracked nipples and mastitis 59, Breast abscess 4, Social Myths 58, Multiple Births 2, Inverted Nipples 5 and failure of proper counseling 160. Most of the factors responsible for avoidance of breast feeding are preventable and treatable. General population should be educated regarding the benefits of breast feeding in the mother and baby. Thus reducing mortality rate in woman and infants

Complications of raised BMI in pregnancy

To study the effects of raised BMI on maternal and fetal well being. Randomized Control Trial prospective study. Gynae/Obs department Military Hospital Rawalpindi. January 2006 to June 2007. 200 primiparas with raised BMI [25 or more] were booked in first trimester. Patients were followed up with regular antenatal check-up and routine investigations of pregnancy. Patients found to be anaemic were further investigated and anaemia corrected. Another group of 200 primiparas was also booked with normal BMI [18.5 TO 24.9] in first trimester. Complications encountered during pregnancy were recorded in both groups. Mode of delivery and fetal outcome were also recorded. The relative frequency of pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, sleep apnoea, urinary infection, preterm labour and intrauterine deaths were compared in both groups. Obstetric complications were also recorded. The frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria, sleep apnoea, pregnancy induced hypertension, induction of labour, instrumental delivery, caesarean section and post partum hemorrhage was found to be significantly increased in group-I [raised BMI]. Pregnancies in obese women are considerably at higher risk for pregnancy and labour complications, It is advisable to achieve normal BMI before conception